According to a survey conducted by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (2023) titled Perception and knowledge of cannabinoid products, 73% of consumers still confuse the different oils derived from Cannabis sativa L. This confusion persists despite their radically different compositions, effects, and legal statuses.
Hemp seed oil, a superfood rich in omega-3 and omega-6, is completely different from CBD oil extracted from the flowers, which is known for its relaxing properties. As for cannabis oil, concentrated in THC, it remains strictly regulated by Swiss legislation that allows a maximum THC content of 1%, unlike the 0.3% threshold in the European Union according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2022).
Researchers from the University of Bern, in their study Cannabinoid Content and Composition of Swiss Cannabis Products (Brenneisen et al., 2022), demonstrated that these three oils have totally distinct chemical profiles: hemp seed oil contains no cannabinoids, CBD oil can contain up to 30%, while cannabis oil may contain over 80% THC.
Knowing how to distinguish them is essential to make a choice adapted to your needs, whether for nutrition, wellness, or specific uses, while respecting the particularly strict Swiss legal framework for these products.
⚠️ Disclaimer: Please note that CBD-based products are not medicines and do not replace any medical treatment. They are neither intended to diagnose, treat, nor cure any disease. Always consult your doctor before using CBD, especially if you are taking other medications. The information contained in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The CBD oils sold by uWeed in Switzerland are not meant to be ingested: please take the time to read the instructions on the packaging and strictly respect the warnings provided.
Table of contents on the differences between CBD, hemp and cannabis oils
- What are the key differences between these 3 oils from hemp or cannabis plants?
- CBD oil • how cannabidiol interacts with your endocannabinoid system
- Cannabis oil (THC-rich) • Understanding its specificities and regulations
- Hemp seed oil • A nutritional powerhouse with multiple benefits
- How to choose the right oil for your specific needs?
- Essential quality criteria • How to spot a premium and safe product?
- FAQ • Your most common questions about hemp and CBD oils
- Conclusion • Make an informed choice to naturally enhance your wellbeing
What are the key differences between these 3 oils from hemp or cannabis plants?
These three oils come from the same botanical species, Cannabis sativa L., but their properties, compositions, and effects differ radically. To understand these fundamental differences, it is essential to look at the plant itself, the parts used, and the compounds they contain.
Why does the plant matter: industrial hemp vs cannabis?
Industrial hemp and recreational cannabis both come from Cannabis sativa L., but they represent distinct varieties. The key difference lies in their THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content.
Industrial hemp is legally defined as containing less than 0.3% THC in the European Union and less than 1% THC in Switzerland, according to the Swiss Federal Narcotics Act (2021). This variety is cultivated primarily for its fibers, seeds, and non-psychoactive cannabinoids such as CBD.
Cannabis, on the other hand, typically refers to varieties containing higher levels of THC, often between 5% and 30%, according to the study Potency of Δ9–THC and Other Cannabinoids in Cannabis by the University of Mississippi (2020). These varieties are generally grown for their psychoactive properties and are subject to strict legal restrictions worldwide.
How does the plant part used make a difference: seeds vs flowers/leaves?
Hemp seed oil is extracted exclusively from the seeds of the plant, which naturally contain no cannabinoids. It is obtained by cold-pressed oil extraction of the seeds, a process that preserves essential nutrients.
In contrast, CBD and cannabis oils are extracted mainly from the flowers and leaves of the plant. These parts contain trichomes, tiny glands that produce cannabinoids and terpenes responsible for the characteristic effects and aromas.
The Swiss Federal Institute of Plant Sciences (2022) demonstrated that this difference in raw material explains why hemp seed oil is considered a food product, whereas CBD and cannabis oils are classified differently according to their composition.
What active compounds are in these oils: cannabinoids, terpenes, fatty acids?
Each of these oils has a unique biochemical profile determining its properties and potential uses. Understanding these compounds is essential to grasp their fundamental differences.
Hemp seed oil contains no cannabinoids but is rich in essential fatty acids. According to the European Nutrition Institute (2022), it contains up to 80% polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3 and omega-6 in an ideal 3:1 ratio, as well as vitamins E, B1, B2, and minerals.
In contrast, CBD and cannabis oils contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds. An overview of the major cannabinoids shows that CBD oil is dominated by cannabidiol (up to 30%), while cannabis oil mainly contains THC (5-30%). The University of Geneva, in Swiss Medical Weekly (2021), also identified minor cannabinoids such as CBG, CBC, and CBN in these oils.
These differences also extend to their terpene profiles. According to a complete terpene guide for cannabis published by the Swiss Institute of Phytotherapy (2023), myrcene, limonene, and pinene dominate these extracts, contributing to their distinct aromas and potential effects. These terpenes are absent from hemp seed oil.
Quick comparison table of oils (origin, usage, legality)
Comparative Table: What distinguishes hemp, CBD, and cannabis oils
| Criteria | Hemp Seed Oil | CBD Oil | Cannabis Oil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Seeds only | Flowers and leaves | Flowers and leaves |
| Extraction Method | Cold-pressed | Supercritical CO₂ or solvents | Solvents or CO₂ |
| Main Compounds | Essential fatty acids | CBD and non-psychoactive cannabinoids | THC and other cannabinoids |
| Effects | Nutritional | Non-psychoactive | Psychoactive |
| Legal Status in Switzerland | Legal (food) | Legal (<1% THC) | Regulated/controlled |
| Common Uses | Cooking, skincare | Wellness, external use | Medical/restricted use |
| Product Classification | Food | Cosmetic (Switzerland) | Controlled substance |
CBD oil • how cannabidiol interacts with your endocannabinoid system
Unlike hemp seed oil, CBD oil is a concentrated extract from industrial hemp flowers and leaves, specifically selected for its high cannabidiol content. If you want to shop premium Swiss CBD oils, you will find products made from organically grown hemp that undergo rigorous lab testing to ensure quality, purity, and legal compliance.
What exactly is CBD oil?
CBD oil is an extract from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp, diluted in a carrier oil such as coconut MCT oil or olive oil. To understand CBD oil, it is important to know it primarily contains cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that interacts with the human endocannabinoid system.
According to the Swiss Medical Cannabis Association (2022) in their publication Guide to Cannabinoids and Their Applications, this oil can contain between 3% and 30% CBD, sometimes accompanied by other cannabinoids and naturally occurring terpenes in the plant. The absence of THC or its presence in trace amounts (<1% in Switzerland) guarantees its non-psychoactive character.
Unlike hemp seed oil, CBD oil is classified as a cosmetic product in Switzerland and cannot be promoted for ingestion, although it is considered a dietary supplement in some European countries.
This premium quality extract is typically made from organic certified, lab-tested, and Swiss origin hemp, ensuring safe usage and legal compliance. The choice of carrier oil plays a significant role in the oil’s absorption and taste.
How does the extraction method affect CBD oil quality?
The quality of CBD oil largely depends on the CBD extraction methods explained by experts, which determine the purity and potency of the final product. The Swiss Institute of Natural Product Analysis evaluated various extraction techniques and their impact on product quality in their 2021 report Comparative Evaluation of Cannabinoid Extraction Methods.
Supercritical CO₂ extraction is considered the premium method. It uses carbon dioxide at high pressure and low temperature to isolate cannabinoids without leaving toxic residues. This gentle process preserves sensitive compounds and yields a pure, high-quality extract.
Traditional ethanol extraction captures a broader spectrum of compounds but may leave residual solvents. Other methods such as olive oil or butane extraction also exist, each with pros and cons regarding purity and yield.
What are the types of CBD oil: isolate, broad-spectrum, full-spectrum?
CBD oils differ by their cannabinoid profiles, and it is important to understand CBD oil types to select the most suitable product for your needs. There are three main categories:
- CBD isolate contains purified cannabidiol (over 99%) with no other cannabinoids or terpenes, ideal for those who want to avoid any THC.
- Broad-spectrum maintains most cannabinoids and terpenes naturally found in the plant but completely removes THC, offering many benefits without THC-related concerns.
- Full-spectrum preserves the complete cannabinoid and terpene profile, including legal trace amounts of THC (less than 1% in Switzerland). This profile may benefit from the “entourage effect,” where compounds work synergistically, as described by Russo et al. (2019) in Journal of Natural Products.
What are the common uses and potential benefits of CBD oil?
In Switzerland, CBD oil is mainly used as a cosmetic product for external application. It can be applied directly on the skin, incorporated into creams, or used for massage.
Many users appreciate CBD oil benefits explained by studies and reports highlighting its potential to promote relaxation and general well-being. The Swiss Cannabis Observatory (2022) notes that CBD oil is often chosen for its calming effects on daily stress.
Early scientific research supports these claims. For example, Palmieri et al. (2020) published in the European Journal of Pain suggests topical CBD may aid skin health and contribute to the body’s overall balance.
Is CBD oil legal? A complex legal landscape
The legal status of CBD oils varies worldwide. In Switzerland, products containing less than 1% THC are legal, a more lenient threshold compared to the European Union (0.3%) or the United States (0.2%).
CBD oils are not prohibited in Switzerland but must comply with specific legal regulations regarding CBD oils in Switzerland. According to the Federal Office of Public Health (2023), CBD oils are classified as cosmetics and cannot be marketed as dietary supplements, which imposes strict rules on labeling and marketing claims.
To ensure safety and compliance, products must be lab-tested and accompanied by a certificate of analysis confirming their legal THC content. Swiss authorities conduct regular inspections to uphold these standards.
Cannabis oil (THC-rich) • Understanding its specificities and regulations
Cannabis oil should not be confused with CBD oil. It is extracted from cannabis varieties containing high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the plant’s main psychoactive cannabinoid.
What defines cannabis oil and its THC content?
Cannabis oil is characterized by a high concentration of THC, generally ranging from 10% to 90%, depending on the extraction method used. For those wishing to learn about THC, it is important to note that, according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2022), these extracts also contain other cannabinoids and terpenes, but THC remains the dominant compound responsible for their psychoactive effects.
What are the usual extraction methods for cannabis oil?
The extraction methods for cannabis oil are similar to those for CBD oil but optimized to preserve THC content. Common solvents like butane or ethanol are frequently used due to their effectiveness in extracting cannabinoids. Research by Casiraghi et al. (2020), published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, shows that supercritical CO₂ extraction also produces high-purity cannabis oils with precise control of THC/CBD ratios. Extraction is strictly regulated in countries where cannabis production is legal and follows rigorous pharmaceutical standards.
In what cases is cannabis oil used: medical and recreational (with restrictions)?
Cannabis oil is prescribed medically in certain countries for specific conditions. According to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (2023), medical use is possible only with exceptional authorization for certain indications. In places where recreational cannabis is legal, such as some US states or Canada, these oils may be available for regulated personal consumption. In Switzerland, its use is strictly limited to medical prescriptions with careful dose monitoring by authorized specialists.
What is the legal status of cannabis oil: narcotic and strictly regulated?
In Switzerland and most European countries, THC-rich cannabis oil is classified as a narcotic under the Federal Narcotics Act (2023). Understanding the cannabis legal status in Switzerland is crucial: unauthorized possession, production, or distribution of these oils is illegal and subject to criminal penalties.
Some exceptions exist for authorized medical use or approved scientific research. The Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs (2022) has implemented a special permit system for medical cannabis when conventional treatments fail.
It is important to note that even in countries where CBD is legal, oils containing more than 1% THC (Switzerland) or 0.3% THC (EU) remain prohibited outside these specific medical frameworks.
Hemp seed oil • A nutritional powerhouse with multiple benefits
Hemp seed oil is often overlooked compared to the rising popularity of CBD oil, yet it is a genuine nutritional treasure with many beneficial properties. Extracted exclusively from industrial hemp seeds, this plant-based oil is completely free of cannabinoids, distinguishing it clearly from its cannabinoid-rich counterparts.
What is the composition of hemp seed oil?
Hemp seed oil is exceptionally rich in essential fatty acids, boasting an ideal omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 3:1, which aligns perfectly with human nutritional needs as recognized by the World Health Organization (2020). Its nutritional profile also includes more than 30% complete proteins containing all nine essential amino acids, significant amounts of vitamin E, as well as minerals like magnesium, zinc, and iron.
This cold-pressed oil retains its nutritional properties intact, reflected by its characteristic dark green color and slightly nutty, herbaceous flavor.
How is hemp seed oil used and what are its recognized benefits?
In cooking, hemp seed oil is used exclusively cold due to its low smoke point (165°C). It enriches salads, smoothies, cold sauces, and can be added to cooked dishes after preparation. In cosmetics, its light, non-comedogenic texture makes it ideal for skin care, particularly for sensitive or mature skin, as recognized by the Swiss Institute of Cosmetology (2022).
Nutritionally, hemp oil benefits include supporting normal cholesterol levels, according to the European Food Safety Authority (2022), thanks to its high content of essential fatty acids.
Is hemp seed oil legal and where can you find it?
Hemp seed oil enjoys unrestricted legal status worldwide. Classified as an edible natural product, it is widely available in organic stores, supermarkets, specialized online shops, and local producers.
In Switzerland, its marketing is entirely free from special authorizations, making it a highly accessible plant-based alternative.
How to choose the right oil for your specific needs?
The diversity of oils derived from Cannabis sativa L. requires you to clearly define your expectations before purchasing. Use the guide below to help you select the product best suited to your goals.
For nutrition and cooking: hemp seed oil without hesitation
Hemp seed oil is the only oil legally classified as a food product. According to the Swiss Federal Food Safety Office (2022) in its Guide to Edible Vegetable Oils, it stands out for its pleasant nutty flavor and culinary versatility.
It is ideal for enriching raw preparations, balancing smoothies nutritionally, and enhancing the flavor of cooked dishes. However, it is important never to heat this oil, as its fatty acid composition degrades rapidly at high temperatures.
For wellness (stress, sleep, mild discomfort): explore CBD oil
For external use, several factors influence the user experience. The optimal use of CBD oil varies between individuals, as highlighted by Millar et al. (2021) in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology in their study Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Following Various Routes of Administration.
Key selection criteria include the type of carrier oil (MCT, olive, hemp), the CBD concentration, and the desired cannabinoid spectrum. Starting with small doses and adjusting gradually according to effects is recommended.
For specific medical uses: professional consultation required
For any medical condition, consulting a healthcare professional is mandatory. Swiss cannabis regulations clearly distinguish wellness products from medicines, as explained by Swissmedic (2023) in their Guidelines on Products Containing Cannabinoids.
In Switzerland, only certain medical specialists can prescribe THC-containing preparations, after exhausting conventional therapeutic options.
Don’t overlook legality and drug test considerations
An often underestimated issue is drug testing. The Swiss Centre for Occupational Medicine (2022) reports that regular consumption of full-spectrum CBD products may sometimes cause false positives in THC drug tests.
Broad-spectrum oil is an interesting alternative: it contains several cannabinoids and beneficial terpenes but no THC. According to König et al. (2022) in Frontiers in Pharmacology, this option almost eliminates the risk of a positive test while preserving some of the entourage effect.
At-risk situations include professional sports, sensitive professions (aviation, security), and driving license controls. To avoid issues, favor isolate or broad-spectrum products if you are likely to be tested.
Essential quality criteria • How to spot a premium and safe product?
With the growing number of products on the market, it is crucial to know how to recognize a quality CBD oil. Below are the key criteria to check before making any purchase.
Certificate of analysis (CoA): your essential quality proof
The certificate of analysis (CoA) is the most important document guaranteeing the quality of a CBD product. According to the Swiss Association of CBD Producers (2022) in their publication Quality Standards for Cannabinoid Products, a full CoA must be performed by an independent laboratory and provide:
- Exact cannabinoid profile with precise percentages
- Absence of contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, and solvents
- Compliance with legal THC limits
Never trust a product without an accessible CoA—reliable brands always provide it via a QR code or on their website.
Hemp origin and cultivation: the foundation of a good product
The quality of hemp used directly impacts the quality of the final extract. To guarantee a good cannabinoid profile, it is essential to focus on the hemp plant itself and the conditions of cultivation. A study by Bernhard et al. (2023) in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, titled Cultivation Practices and Their Impact on Cannabinoid Profiles, shows that farming methods directly influence the chemical composition of extracts.
It is recommended to choose:
- Certified organic hemp
- European-grown hemp, ideally Swiss
- Producers transparent about their agricultural practices
- Plants grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers, producing purer and richer cannabinoid extracts
Extraction method: prioritize purity with CO₂
Extraction method directly influences the purity and quality of the final product. The Swiss Institute of Natural Product Analysis (2021) classified supercritical CO₂ extraction as the most advanced and clean method.
This method guarantees:
- No solvent residues
- Preservation of the complete cannabinoid profile
- Conservation of fragile terpenes
- Lower environmental impact
Ethanol extractions can also produce quality oils but require additional purification steps.
Carrier oil type: impact on absorption and taste
The carrier oil plays a crucial role in the bioavailability of cannabinoids. A comparative analysis by Weber et al. (2022) at the University of Bern titled Bioavailability of Cannabinoids in Different Carrier Oils revealed that some oils promote better absorption.
The best options include:
- MCT oil (medium-chain triglycerides): optimal absorption
- Olive oil: a good balance between taste and absorption
- Hemp seed oil: consistency with the product but stronger flavor
The choice depends on taste preferences and intended use—MCT oil is generally preferred for its efficiency and neutral flavor.
Brand reputation and user reviews
Brand credibility is a reliable indicator of product quality. To make an informed choice, consulting the uWeed online shop, which features carefully selected brands known for transparency, quality, and responsible practices, is highly recommended.
The Swiss CBD Observatory (2023), in its Consumer Guide to CBD, suggests checking:
- Brand longevity on the market
- Verified customer reviews on independent platforms
- Demonstrated expertise and transparency
- Quality commitments such as certifications and standards
Established brands typically invest more in product quality, testing, and consumer education—a strong indicator of their reliability.
FAQ • Your most common questions about hemp and CBD oils
CBD oil, which is non-psychoactive, does not cause any mental alterations as it contains less than 1% THC, insufficient to cause any psychoactive effects. Unlike THC, CBD does not affect mood or perception. Even in full-spectrum oils, where THC levels are still under the legal limit, the CBD oil has no psychoactive effects and will not lead to a “high”. Those sensitive to CBD might feel mild relaxation, but without any disruption of cognitive functions.
If you want to order full-spectrum CBD oil online, you’ll find that it contains all the natural compounds from the cannabis plant, including trace amounts of THC, which contributes to the entourage effect. In contrast, CBD isolate is a pure form of CBD, containing no other cannabinoids or terpenes, making it THC-free. Broad-spectrum is another option that retains multiple cannabinoids but removes THC entirely, offering many of the same benefits as full-spectrum but without the THC content.
To preserve the integrity of your CBD oil, it should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. For hemp seed oil, it should be refrigerated once opened and consumed within 2-3 months due to its sensitivity to oxidation. CBD oil, on the other hand, tends to last longer but should still be stored in an opaque container with a tight seal. The expiration date is usually printed on the packaging, but a rancid smell or taste will signal that it’s time to replace the oil.
There is a possibility that drug testing and CBD could result in a positive THC test, particularly with full-spectrum CBD oil, which contains trace amounts of THC. Regular use of full-spectrum CBD oil can cause THC to accumulate in the body, leading to a positive result on certain drug tests. For those concerned about drug tests, it is better to opt for broad-spectrum or CBD isolate products, as they are guaranteed to be THC-free and minimize the risk of a positive result
For those new to CBD, starting with a cannabidiol concentration of 5% to 10% is generally recommended during the first 2-4 weeks. This range allows users to observe how their bodies respond to CBD without overwhelming effects. Gradually increasing the dosage is possible if needed, but beginners should always start with smaller amounts and adjust based on their body’s reactions. Higher concentrations (15%-30%) are suitable for those who have experience with CBD.
When considering driving after CBD use, it’s important to know that CBD itself does not impair motor skills, coordination, or reaction time. However, even full-spectrum CBD oil, with its minimal THC content, could potentially trigger a positive result in a drug test if it’s highly sensitive. For full assurance, CBD isolate or broad-spectrum oils are better choices if you need to avoid any THC traces, especially if you are planning to drive or undergo a drug test.
Conclusion • Make an informed choice to naturally enhance your wellbeing
Each oil derived from Cannabis sativa L. has its own characteristics and specific uses. Hemp seed oil offers exceptional nutritional benefits for both cooking and skincare. CBD oil, with its various spectrums and concentrations, provides a non-psychoactive approach to daily wellness and external use. As for cannabis oil, rich in THC, it is strictly regulated and reserved for specific medical uses.
By choosing premium lab-tested products that match your personal needs, you can fully benefit from the potential of these natural oils. Always check for the certificate of analysis, ensure the hemp’s origin is from Switzerland or Europe, verify the extraction method, and opt for transparent brands offering personalized dosages.
The difference between these oils goes beyond their composition. It extends to their use, legality, and potential effects. This guide has provided you with the keys to make an informed and responsible choice in the world of hemp oils, CBD oils, and cannabis oils.
